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Satellite User Readiness Navigator (SATURN)

Preparing for the next generation of meteorological satellites

INSAT-3D

INSAT-3D Basics

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The launch of INSAT-3D satellite on 24 July 2013 heralded a new era for meteorological observations from space-based platforms in India. The INSAT-3D was the first dedicated advanced Indian satellite for meteorological applications with an 18 channel (plus a visible channel for cloud detection during daytime) atmospheric infrared sounder and 6-channel Imager on-board. The INSAT-3D is only second such satellite in world that makes sounding observations from geostationary orbit after USA having an operational series of GOES satellites carrying similar infrared Sounder. The major goal of the INSAT-3D satellite was to boost the Indian observational capability for various weather applications, such as nowcasting of the severe weather events and input to the numerical weather prediction models. The INSAT-3D products are operationally available through the INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System (IMDPS) at MOSDAC, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad and India Meteorology Department (IMD), New Delhi. The entire INSAT-3D processing system IMDPS was developed by ISRO.

 

 

INSAT-3DR

INSAT-3DR during pre-launch test

 

In this series the INSAT-3DR (INSAT-3D Repeat) is the next satellite that will be launched towards the middle of 2016 to enhance the observational capability of INSAT-3D satellite for various weather applications. The INSAT-3DR is exactly similar to its predecessor. A synergistic use of both INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR together would be very useful for improvement in the existing algorithms of parameter retrieval as well as weather applications. The main instruments onboard INSAT-3DR are the following :

    • Imager: It is an improved multi-spectral Imager (optical radiometer) capable of generating the images of the Earth in six wavelength bands significant for meteorological observations, namely, visible (0.55-0.75 µm), shortwave infrared (1.55-1.70 µm), middle infrared (3.8-4.0 µm), water vapour (6.5-7.1 µm) and two bands in thermal infrared (10.2-11.3 µm and 11.5-12.5 µm) regions. The significant improvements in imaging system over that of KALPANA-1 and INSAT-3A enables night time imaging of low clouds/ fog, estimation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with better accuracy and acquisition of high spatial resolution images in the visible and thermal infrared bands

 

    • Sounder: It is the first geostationary sounder system over Indian Ocean region. It has 19 channels, with 18 narrow spectral channels in shortwave infrared, middle infrared and long wave infrared regions and one channel in the visible region. It provides information on the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and integrated ozone. These profiles are available for a selected region over Indian landmass every one hour and for the entire Indian Ocean region every six hours

 

    • Data Relay Transponder (DRT): It is used for receiving meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic data from remote, uninhabited locations over the coverage area from Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) like Automatic Weather Station (AWS), Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) and Agro Met Stations (AMS).

 

    • Satellite Aided Search and Rescue (SAS & R) Transponder: The payload picks up and relays
      the alert signals originating from the distress beacons of maritime, aviation and land based users
      to the Indian Mission Control Centre (INMCC), located at Bengaluru

 

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INSAT-3D Instruments

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INSAT-3DR will carry a 6-channel Imager and 18-channel infrared Sounder (plus a visible channel for cloud filtering during daytime) similar to INSAT-3D.

2.a. Imager: The Imager instrument characteristics are summarised in table-1 and 2.

Table-1: INSAT-3DR Imager instrument characteristics

Number of Channels 6 (Vis, SWIR, MIR, WV, TIR 1 & TIR 2)
Instantaneous Field of View Vis & SWIR: 28 μrad; MIR, TIR-1 & TIR-2: 112μrad;

WV: 224 μrad
Field Of Regard (FOR) 24° E-W x 19° N-S
Active Scan Coverage Normal Mode: 18° E-W x 18° N-S,

Program Mode: 18° E-W x programmable no. of lines
Scan Offset capability E-W: ±3° in steps of ±0.016° N-S: Normal: 1st scan line selectable from –9.5° to –8.5° in steps of 0.013° Program: Selectable from -9.5° to + 9.5° in steps of 0.013°
Space Look Every line
Scanning E-W: Bi directional, N-S: Stepping
In-flight Calibration Full Aperture Blackbody and Space view for IR, space view for Vis & SWIR
Signal Quantization 10 Bits/Sample
System Power <100 Watts
System Weight <140 Kg

 

 

TABLE-2: INSAT-3D Imager Radiometric Specifications

Channel Name Wavelength (μm) SNR or NEDT (K) Scene Condition Saturation radiance / Temperature
VIS 0.55 to 0.75 >150:1 100% Albedo 52.4 mW/cm2/sr/μm
SWIR 1.55 to 1.70 >150:1 100% Albedo   6.7 mW/cm2/sr/μm
MIR 3.80 to 4.00 <1.4K 300K 340K
WVP 6.5 to 7.10 <1K 230K 320K
TIR1 10.3 to 11.3 <0.35K 300K 340K
TIR2 11.5 to 12.5 <0.35K 300K 340K

 

The spatial resolution for the Imager channels corresponding to their IFOV at nadir are 1 km for Vis/SWIR, 4 km for MIR/TIR1/TIR2 and 8 km for the WVR channel. This corresponds to the scanning from 8 elements in Vis/SWIR, 2 elements in MIR/TIR1/TIR2 and 1 element in WVR channel in the north-south direction. The Imager can view anywhere within the Field of Regard (FOR), i.e. 24° EW x 19° NS, with two modes of operation:

  • full frame mode scans 18° EW x 18° NS covering the entire earth disk and some space around in 26 minutes,
  • Programme mode covering 18° in EW direction, NS coverage can be defined in terms of number of lines to be scanned. The signal quantization is 10 bits/sample.

2.b. Sounder:

The Sounder instrument characteristics are summarised in table-3 and 4. The Sounder will make observations in 18 infrared channels and an additional visible channel to assist cloud detection during daytime. The spatial resolution of Sounder observation is 10 km at nadir. It can scan a maximum of 640 x 640 pixels, i.e., 6400 km x 6400 km in about 3 hours and a minimum of 64 x 64 pixels (640 km x 640 km). This way the Sounder can make selectable observations in the block sizes of 64 x 64 pixels, anywhere within the FOR. For in-flight blackbody calibration the Sounder looks at space every 2 minutes and at the blackbody every 30 minutes. The entire Indian landmass scanning will take about 50 minutes and can be programmed in synergy with the INSAT-3D in such way that repeated observations (better than 30 minutes) are available for nowcasting applications.

Table-4 provides the details of the Sounder channel characteristics with details about the central wavelength/wavenumber, sensor noise, principal absorbing gas within the channel bandwidth, and the main purpose of the channel.

 

 

 

 

Table-3: INSAT-3DR Sounder instrument characteristics

Number of Channels  19 (18 Infrared + 1 Visible)
Channel Definition  Interference filters (Table-4)
Instantaneous Field of View  ≤280 rad (EW) x 280 rad (NS) (10 km x 10 km at nadir)
Channel to channel registration  ±280 R (1 VIS/ IR element) among all channels
Simultaneous sounding per Channel  4 (aligned NS)
Field Of Regard (FOR) (optical)  24° EW x 21° NS
Step size  EW  280 μR (optical)/100msec, NS 1120 μR/scan line
Active Scan Coverage EW: Selectable from 0.513° (64 steps, 640 km) to 5.13° (640 steps, 6400 km) in steps of 0.513° (640 km).

NS: Selectable from 1.026° (16 lines, 640 km) to 10.2° (160 lines, 6400 km) in steps of 640 km.
Space Look  Every ~2 minutes (1216 FW revolutions)
Scanning  EW: Bi directional, NS: Stepping
In-flight Calibration  Full Aperture Blackbody and Space view
Signal Quantization 14 bits/sample for LWIR, MWIR & SWIR and

12 bits/sample for Visible
System Power  < 100 watts
System Weight  < 155 kg

 

Table 4: INSAT-3D Sounder Channels Characteristics
Detector Ch. No. l c

(mm)

 nc

(cm-1)

 NEDT (K)

@300K

 Principal absorbing gas Purpose
Long wave 1 14.67 682 0.17 CO2 Stratosphere temperature
2 14.31 699 0.16 CO2 Tropopause temperature
3 14.03 713 0.15 CO2 Upper-level temperature
4 13.64 733 0.12 CO2 Mid-level temperature
5 13.33 750 0.12 CO2 Low-level temperature
6 12.59 794 0.07 water vapor Total precipitable water
7 11.98 834 0.05 water vapor Surface temp., moisture
Mid wave 8 10.99 910 0.05 window Surface temperature
9 9.69 1032 0.10 ozone Total ozone
10 7.43 1346 0.05 water vapor Low-level moisture
11 7.04 1421 0.05 water vapor Mid-level moisture
12 6.52 1534 0.10 water vapor Upper-level moisture
Short wave 13 4.61 2168 0.05 N2O Low-level temperature
14 4.54 2202 0.05 N2O Mid-level temperature
15 4.48 2232 0.05 CO2 Upper-level temperature
16 4.15 2408 0.05 CO2 Boundary-level temp.
17 4.01 2496 0.05 window Surface temperature
18 3.79 2642 0.05 window Surface temp., moisture
Visible 19 0.659 14367 – window Daytime clouds

 

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INSAT-3D : Long Term Operational Plan

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INSAT-3DR is a follow-up of the INSAT-3D that was launched by ISRO on 26 August 2013 to strengthen the observational capability of Indian satellites for the benefit of atmospheric applications leading to a better weather prediction. The launch of INSAT-3DR will provide a continuity in these observations. The INSAT-3DR will be followed-up by its successor INSAT3-DS that will act as the spare for one of these two satellites. The combination of INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR is expected to provide a high temporal resolution observation that is a crucial requirement for numerical weather prediction especially for nowcasting applications. This will provide a similar capability that exist only with USA with observations from GOES series of satellite at GOES-E and GOES-W locations.

To provide the climate quality data products from the INSAT-3D series of satellites a procedure that is established by the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) has been adopted by ISRO. Using GSICS procedure the Imager and Sounder radiances are corrected based on the relationship between the collocated simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) observations from INSAT-3D and Metop-IASI/Aqua-AIRS/NPP-CrIS. The GSICS procedure has proved extremely helpful for the INSAT-3D and will make is consistent with the INSAT-3DR and INSAT-3DS radiances as well based on the inter-calibration coefficient established w.r.t. the reference satellite instrument recommended by the GSICS.

  1. Area of Coverage and Observations Schedule:

The INSAT-3D/3DR observations together will provide a unique observational capability for nowcasting and short range weather prediction over India due to frequent coverage from two satellites from geostationary platform. Presently, similar observational capabilities are available only over continental US region through GOES series of satellite. GOES maintains two satellites operationally that covers east part of continental US (GOES-East) and west part of the continental US (GOES-West). For nowcasting applications frequent observations, typically half-hourly or better, are required over a region of interest; whereas, for the numerical weather prediction input data at 3 or 6 hourly interval may be sufficient. The data requirement for the rapidly changing weather conditions such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, cloud-burst etc the temporal resolution of the satellite data should be very high, < 15 minutes. This can be achieved by suitably configuring/staggering the observations from two INSAT-3D/3DR satellites.

The scan schedule for Imager is every half an hour and the INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR will be making observations in a staggered mode, separated by 15 minutes. The Sounder observation schedule will be redefined in order to get maximum benefit from two satellites sounding instruments. Presently, INSAT-3D maintains following scan schedules for two regions (Figure shown below):

  • Sounding is repeated every hour over land (Region-A: covering Indian landmass)
  • Every 6th hour sounding over Ocean (Region-B: covering Indian ocean)

 

sc_fnl5_1

 

 

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INSAT-3D: Data products and Applications

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Data Products: Following tables  show the list of data products from INSAT-3DR Imager and Sounder. These products may be updated from time to time based on user requirement and new products generated.

                  Products from  INSAT-3D Imager

S.No. Data Product Processing Level Code Format Remarks
Standard Products
1 Standard Product Full Disk L1B STD HDF Per Pixel Lat & Lon as viewed by Satellite
2 Standard Sector Product L1C Sector mnemonic HDF Map Projected
Geo-Physical Parameters (Per Pixel)
1 Outgoing long wave radiations L2B OLR HDF Per Pixel
2 Rainfall using Hydro Estimator L2B HEM HDF Per Pixel
3 Quantitative Precipitation Index (IMSRA Method) Improved L2B IMC HDF Per Pixel
4 Sea Surface Temperature L2B SST HDF Per Pixel
5 Upper Troposphere Humidity L2B UTH HDF Per Pixel
6 Cloud Mask L2B CMK HDF Per Pixel
Geo-Physical Parameters (Map Projected)
1 FOG L2C FOG HDF Map Projected
2 SNOW L2C SNW HDF Map Projected
3 INSOLATION L2C INS HDF Map Projected
Geo-Physical Parameters (Point)
1 FIRE L2P FIR KML Point
2 SMOKE L2P SMK KML Point
3 Visible Winds L2P VSW HDF Point
4 IR Winds L2P IRW HDF Point
5 MIR Winds L2P MRW HDF Point
6 WV Winds L2P WVW HDF Point
Geo-Physical Parameters (Gridded)
1 Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (GPI) L2G GPI HDF 1 deg x 1 deg
2 Aerosol Optical Depth L2G AOD HDF 0.1 deg x 0.1 deg
3 Quantitative Precipitation Index (IMSRA) L2G IMR HDF 0.25 deg x 0.25 deg
Binned Geo-Physical Parameters (Temporally Binned)
1 Outgoing long wave radiations L3B OLR HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly

Per Pixel
2  Rainfall using Hydro Estimator L3B HEM HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly

(Per Pixel)
4 Upper Troposphere Humidity L3B UTH HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly

(Per Pixel)
5 Sea Surface Temperature L3B SST HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly
6 Quantitative Precipitation Index (IMSRA Method) L3G IMR HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly

0.25 deg x 0.25 deg
7 Quantitative Precipitation Index (GPI Method) L3G GPI HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly

(1 deg x 1 deg)
8 Insolation L3C INS HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly (Map Projected)
9. Potential Evapo-Transpiration L3C PET HDF Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Yearly (Map Projected)

 

Products from INSAT-3D Sounder

S.No. Data Product Processing Level Code For-mat Remarks
Standard Products
1 Standard Product L1B STD HDF Per Pixel Lat & Lon as viewed by Satellite
Geo-Physical Parameters
1 Vertical Profiles

·         Temperature Profiles (Regression and Physical Retrieval)

·         WV Profiles (Regression and Physical Retrieval)

·         Ozone Profile (Regression and Physical Retrieval)

·         Surface Skin Temperature (Regression and Physical Retrieval)

·         Total Ozone (Regression and Physical Retrieval)

 

Derived products

·         Geo Potential Height (40 levels)

·         Total Precipitable Water

·         Layer-1 (1000-900 hPa) Precipitable Water

·         Layer-2 (900-700 hPa) Precipitable Water

·         Layer-1 (700-300 hPa) Precipitable Water

·         Lifted Index Wind Index

·         Dry Microburst Index

·         Maximum Vertical Theta-e

 L2B PFL HDF Profile on 3×3  Pixels (Average)

Apart from these geophysical parameters the clear-sky radiances and cloud-cleared radiances from both the Imager and Sounder will be available for direct use in the radiance assimilation in NWP models.

Applications: Following is a list of the applications that is expected to benefit from the INSAT-3DR observations:

  • Numerical weather prediction
  • Assimilation – Radiance/Geophysical parameters
  • Nowcasting – severe weather/thunderstorm/cloud-burst
  • Monsoon – monitoring and assessment
  • Cyclone track and intensity prediction
  • Ocean State forecast
  • Agricultural monitoring and forecast
  • Fire monitoring
  • Pollution (Dust/Haze) monitoring
  • Aviation
  • Ozone monitoring
  • Climate applications

 

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INSAT-3D: Data Formats and Volumes

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Product Format: INSAT-3DR Data will be available in CF (Climate and Forecasting) Convention version 1.6 Complaint HDF-5 format and KML (Keyhole Markup Language) for (Fire and Smoke). Providing data products in CF Complaint formats gives advantage to the users to open the products in following software makes it compatible with following freely available COTS packages:

  • Ferret (v6.9) (Raster and Point Datasets) http://www.ferret.noaa.gov/Ferret/
  • Grads v2.0.a8+ (Supports Gridded Products: L2G and L3G) http://www.iges.org/grads/
  • MIAS (Meteorological Image Analysis Software) All Products (Indigenously Developed by SAC, ISRO)
  • IDV (Integrated Data Viewer) 4.1+ (All Products) unidata.ucar.edu/software/idv
  • McIDAS-V (Man Computer Interaction Data Access System) v1.3 (All Products) ssec.wisc.edu/mcidas/software/v
  • HDFView 2.9 (All Products) http://www.hdfgroup.org/products/java/hdfview/
  • NetCDF toolsUI.jar v4.3.22 (All Products) unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf-java
  • Panoply v2.9.4 All Raster Products http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/
  • Climate Data Operators (CDO) 1.6.4 rc1 (Raster Products) https://code.zmaw.de/projects/cdo
  • NCAR Command Language 6.0.0 (Raster Products) ncl.ucar.edu/
  • Quantum GIS 2.0.1 (as layer served by WMS) qgis.org
  • THOR (Raster Products) http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/THOR/release.html
  • ncBrowse v1.6.7 (Raster Products) ftp://ftp.epic.noaa.gov/java/ncBrowse/install.htm

Data Volume: Following Tables 5(a) & (b) shows the approximate volumes of the data products from INSAT-3DR Imager and Sounder, respectively. These volumes may change from time to time depending upon the addition/removal of a few products.

                      Data Volumes : INSAT-3D IMAGER

Types of Data Product Data Volume per day
L1B 4.848 GB
L02 (Sector) 2.88 GB
IMAGER quantitative products 10 GB
Total 73 GB

 

                  Data Volumes : INSAT-3D SOUNDER

Types of Data Product Data Volume per day
L1B 9.3 MB
SOUNDER quantitative products 200 MB
Total 500 MB

 

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INSAT-3D: Data Access Mechanism Specification

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National Satellite Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological Department is responsible for reception of satellite data from all Meteorological geostationary satellites, it’s processing, and then generation of various satellite derived images and products and archiving the satellite data. The processed channels imageries & derived products of INSAT-3D satellite are disseminated through dedicated webpage http://satellite.imd.gov.in/insat.htm and some product are also available on GTS. The webpage is updated every 15 minutes.

The domain  of various sectors imageries generated from  three Meteorological geostationary operational satellites namely Kalpana1, INSAT-3A and INSAT-3D are as follows:

Satellite / Payload Sector Domain Images
 

 

 

 

 

INSAT-3D Imager

 Full Globe Full Globe VIS(0.55-0.75µm),SWIR(1.55-1.70µm),

MIR(3.7-3.9µm),WV(6.8µm),

TIR1(10.3-11.3µm),TIR2(11.5-12.5µm),

IR1_BT(10.3-11.3µm),

Day/Night Microphysics Images
Asia Mercator 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 

 VIS,SWIR,MIR,WV,TIR1,TIR2,

High Resolution Images,

Day/Night Microphysics Images,
North-East Sector 0°N-35°N

75°E-105°E

 VIS,SWIR,MIR,WV,TIR1,TIR2,

Day/Night Microphysics Images
North-West Sector 50°N-20°S

15°E-85°E

 –do–
High Resolution Images with district boundaries
North-East Sector

 

 15°N-40°N

80°E-100°E

 VIS,SWIR,MIR,WV,TIR1,TIR2
North-West Sector

 

 15°N-35°N

65°E-85°E

 –do–
South-East Sector

 

 0°N-30°N

75°E-105°E

 VIS,SWIR,MIR,WV,TIR1,TIR2,

BD Curve Cyclone Enhancement Images,

NHC Curve Cyclone Enhancement Images
South-West Sector

 

 0°N-30°N

40°E-75°E

 –do–
 

INSAT-3D Sounder

 Sector-A Images

 

 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 VIS(0.695µm),SWIR1(4.57µm)

SWIR2(4.52µm),SWIR3(4.45µm),

SWIR4(4.13µm),SWIR5(3.98µm),

SWIR6(3.74µm),MWIR1(11.03µm),

MWIR2(9.71µm),MWIR3(7.43µm),

MWIR4(7.02µm),MWIR5(6.51µm),

LWIR1(14.71µm),LWIR2(14.37µm),

LWIR3(14.06µm),LWIR4(13.64µm),

LWIR5(13.37µm),LWIR6(12.66µm),

LWIR7 (12.02 µm)
Sector-B Images

 

 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

 –do–
Sector-A Brightness Temperature Images

 

 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 MWIR1 (11.03 µm),MWIR2 (9.71µm)

MWIR3 (7.43 µm),MWIR4 (7.02 µm)

MWIR5 (6.51 µm),LWIR1 (14.71 µm)

LWIR2 (14.37 µm),LWIR3 (14.06µm)

LWIR4 (13.64 µm),LWIR5 (13.37µm)

LWIR6 (12.66 µm),LWIR7 (12.02µm)
Sector-B Brightness Temperature Images 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

 –do–
Sector-A Temperature Profile Images

 

 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 950 hPa,850 hPa,700 hPa,620 hPa

500 hPa,400 hPa,300 hPa,250 hPa

200 hPa,150 hPa,100 hPa,070 hPa

050 hPa,030 hPa,010 hPa
Sector-B Temperature Profile Images 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

 –do–
Sector-A Humidity Profile Images

 

 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 950 hPa,850 hPa,700 hPa,620 hPa

500 hPa,400 hPa,300 hPa,250 hPa

200 hPa,150 hPa,100 hPa
Sector-B Humidity Profile Images 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

 –do–
Sector-A Geo-Potential Height Profile Images 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 950 hPa,850 hPa,700 hPa,620 hPa

500 hPa,400 hPa,300 hPa,250 hPa

200 hPa,150 hPa,100 hPa,070 hPa

050 hPa,030 hPa,010 hPa
Sector-B Geo-Potential Height Profile Images 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

 –do–
 

KALPANA-1

 Full Disk Full Globe VIS(0.55-0.75µm),WV(5.7-7.1µm),

IR(10.5-12.5µm), RGB
Asia Sec 40°N-40°S

50°E-130°E

 VIS, WV, IR, RGB, Enhanced Image of VIS, WV, IR
NE Sec 0°N-35°N

75°E-105°E

 VIS, WV, IR, RGB
NW Sec 50°N-20°S

15°E-85°E

 –do–
 

INSAT-3A VHRR

 Full Disk Full Globe VIS(0.55-0.75µm),WV(5.7-7.1µm),

IR(10.5-12.5µm), RGB
Asia Sec 40°N-40°S

50°E-130°E

 –do–
NE Sec 0°N-35°N

75°E-105°E

 –do–
NW Sec 50°N-20°S

15°E-85°E

 –do–
 

INSAT-3A CCD

 Full Scan Full Disk VIS(0.62-0.68µm),NIR(0.77-0.86µm),SWIR(1.55-1.69µm), RGB
Asia Mercator 40°N-40°S

50°E-130°E

 –do—
 

INSAT-3D, INST-3A and

KALANA-1  Derived Products

 INSAT-3D IMAGER and KALANA-1 VHRR Derived Products
AMV Products

 

 40°N-40°S

50°E-130°E

 INSAT-3D: Visible Winds(600-975 hPa during day time), MIR Winds(600-975 hPa during night time), CMV(100-975 hPa )WV Winds(100-500 hPa), LL Winds (400-975 hPa), HL Winds(100-500 hPa)

KALPANA-1: CMV(100-950 hPa ), WV Winds(100-500 hPa), LL Winds (400-950 hPa), HL Winds(100-500 hPa)
OLR Products

 

 Full Disk INSAT-3D: Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal

KALPANA-1 : Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal
SST Products

 

 Full Disk –do–
UTH Product

 

 Full Disk –do–
Insolation Product

 

 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 –do–
LST Product

 

 Full Disk INSAT-3D: Half Hourly

KALPANA-1: Half Hourly,

Daily_Min, Daily_Max,

Weekly_Min, Weekly_Max, Monthly_Min,Monthly_Max
Rain Estimate Product
QPE

 

 

 

 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 

 

 INSAT-3D: Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal

KALPANA-1 : Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal
IMR

 

 

 

 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 

 

 INSAT-3D: Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal

KALPANA-1 : Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal
HEM

 

 Full Disk

 

 

 

 INSAT-3D: Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal

KALPANA-1 : Half Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonal
BT Average Product

 

 Full Disk INSAT-3D: MIR – Daily, Weekly, Monthly, IR1 – Daily, Weekly, Monthly, IR2 – Daily, Weekly, Monthly

KALPANA-1: WV Daily, IR Daily
Cloud Top BT Product

 

 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 INSAT-3D: CT BT Below -40°C

KALPANA-1: CT BT (Change in 24 hrs), CT BT, CT BT Below -40°C
Snow Product 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 INSAT-3D: 0500UTC,0530UTC,

0600UTC
Aerosol Product 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 INSAT-3D :0530UTC,0600UTC,

0630UTC,0700UTC,0730UTC,

0800UTC,0830UTC
Fog Product 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 INSAT-3D: Half Hourly
Smoke Product 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 –do–
Cloud Mask Full Disk –do–
Fire 80°N-80°S

0°E-160°E

 –do–

 
Vorticity 40°N-40°S

30°E-130°E

 INSAT-3D: 850mb, 700mb, 500mb, 200mb
Shear 40°N-40°S

30°E-130°E

 INSAT-3D: Wind Shear, Mid Shear, Shear Tendency
Convergence 40°N-40°S

30°E-130°E

 INSAT-3D: Low level (850-925 hPa)
Divergence 40°N-40°S

30°E-130°E

 INSAT-3D: Upper level (150-300 hPa)
INSAT-3D SOUNDER Derived Products
Sector A

 

 7°N-40°N

60°E-96°E

 LPW (1000-900 hPa), LPW (900-700 hPa), LPW (700-300 hPa), Total PWV

,Potential Temperature  Difference, Total Ozone, Mean Surface Pressure,

Surface Skin Temperature, Dry Microburst Index, Lifted Index,

Wind Index
Sector B

 

 10°N-13°S

55°E-96°E

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INSAT-3A CCD Derived Products
NDVI, COMPOSITE NDVI, AOD,

COMPOSITE AOD

 45°N-10°S

45°E-105°E

 INSAT-3A CCD Asia Sector

Archived Imagery

Along with current satellite imageries and products the archived satellite imageries and products are also available for last six months online on the following webpage: http://satellite.imd.gov.in/archive/ .

 Real Time Analysis of Product & Information Dissemination (RAPID) tool

IMD is also providing its users Real Time Analysis of Product & Information Dissemination (RAPID) tool. Real time Analysis of Products & Information Dissemination called RAPID is a web based visualization and analysis tool for satellite data on a real time basis. This introduces Next Generation Weather Data Access & Advanced Visualization Application that  touch the life of common man in one or other way ranging from weather events to atmospheric phenomenon to agricultural services. We can see the Fog presence over railway track and highways & a pilot can see the position of clouds, fog and visibility of the entire route in real time basis interactively. The RAPID can be accessed at: http://rapid.imd.gov.in/

RAPID has following features:

  1. It has Overlay Map Boundaries (World Coastline, State, District Boundaries, Gridlines) with configurable:
  • Color
  • Opacity
  • Thickness
  1. It has Contrast Stretch feature to accommodate user preference.
  2. It has Lookup Table Application to accommodate user preference.
  3. It has following Probes (on the fly) for analysing data
  • Time Series
  • Vertical Profile
  • Transect
  1. It has Animation feature for analysing cloud movement in a go.
  2. It has RGB Composites feature for viewing Day and Night microphysics images.
  3. It has Contouring feature for analysis.
  4. It has features to change Map background.
  5. It has following Base layers:
  • Open StreetMap
  • River SubBasins
  • Blue Marble
  • Bhuvan
  • FMO Basins

 Global Telecommunication System

IMD is also disseminating  satellite derived Cloud Motion Vectors, Water vapour Wind, Visible Wind, MIR Wind products in Bufr format generated from INSAT-3D imager and by INSAT-3DR(whenever will be declared operational) on a 15 minutes basis on GTS with the following headers:

IRW    – IUCN43DEMS

WVW – IUCN44DEMS

VISW – IUCN45DEMS

MIRW – IUCN46DEMS

 Along with this Kalpana-1 VHRR radiance data (L1B and L1C) and derived products in Bin format and Bufr format are also disseminated on GTS with the following headers:

 Globe – EYIN11DEMS MN 00

Globe – EYIN12DEMS MN 30

Asia –    EYIN13DEMS MN 00

Asia –    EYIN14DEMS MN 30

OLR –    T_TXXA12_C_DEMS

QPE –    T_TXXA12_C_DEMS

UTH –    T_TXXA12_C_DEMS

SST –    T_TXXA12_C_DEMS

IRW –     IUCN40_DEMS

WVW –   IUCN41_DEMS

VISW –   IUCN42_DEMS

Along with this INSAT-3A VHRR radiance data (L1B and L1C) in Bin format are also disseminated on GTS with the following headers:

Globe – EYIN21DEMS MN 00

Asia –    EYIN23DEMS MN 00

Note:

  1.  The Satellite data in HDF5 format is provided on request in compliance with IMD data policy.
  2.  All above features are presently operational for INSAT-3D and will be made operational for INSAT-3DR after its commissioning. The website will be updated at every fifteen minutes for INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR products.

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INSAT-3D: Software Tools and Test Data

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Prior to the launch of the INSAT-3D satellite in 2013, the test data was generated using in-house developed methodology to generate proxy radiances for both Imager and Sounder from hyperspectral observation available through polar-orbiting operational satellites, such as Metop-IASI, Aqua-AIRS, and simulated radiance using NWP model analysis as input to the radiative transfer models. However, for INSAT-3DR and 3DS the situation is easier as the actual observations from INSAT-3D Imager and Sounder could work as test data as the instrument characteristic are similar and the same will be applied as the day-1 algorithm.

The software tools that were developed for INSAT-3D will work for 3DR as well as 3DS with improved features based on past few years’ experience with INSAT-3D. These software tools are integrated with the INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System (IMDPS) installed at SAC, Ahmedabad (Bopal Campus) as well as IMD, New Delhi. The processed data is archived and disseminated through Meteorological and Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival Centre (MOSDAC) at SAC.

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INSAT-3D: Training and Resources

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As part of the Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography Research and Training (SMART) program at Space Applications Centre (Ahmedabad, India) of Indian Space Research Organization, it is planned to conduct a short-duration (about a week) training program on INSAT-3DR immediately after its launch. Aim of this training program is to generate awareness about INSAT-3DR mission and meteorological and oceanographic data measured by it among students, researchers and academics across the country. About 20 candidates from across the country will be selected to participate in the training program.

The training program will contain two parts:

  • Presentations/lectures in the forenoon hours on INSAT-3DR Imager and sounder instruments, retrieval methods, calibration validation approaches and potential meteorological and oceanographic applications using INSAT-3DR data.
  • Hand-on with INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR data in the afternoon hours.

In the hand-on session, participants will be provided with training on MOSDAC (Meteorological and Oceanographic Data Archive Centre at Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, India) data portal, data extraction, data analytics and image processing. The training will be conducted jointly with the scientists working in the INSAT-3DR project.

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The details of SMART program may be obtained from

http://mosdac.gov.in/smart

Training by IMD

Human resource development has always been one of the prime thrust areas of the India Meteorological Department for capacity building and to keep pace with latest trends in various activities of the Department. The Meteorological Training Institute (MTI formerly CTI) of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) is a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recognized Regional Meteorological Training Centre (RMTC).

MTI conduct different levels of meteorological training courses namely Basic, Intermediate, Integrated and Advance. All courses have a dedicated subject on Satellite meteorology. The National Satellite Meteorological Centre provides module based specialized training on all the operational and upcoming  Indian Meteorological satellites.

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Global training resources on Satellite Meteorology

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Established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS), the Virtual Laboratory for Training and Education in Satellite Meteorology (VLab) is a global network of specialized training centres and meteorological satellite operators working together to improve the utilisation of data and products from meteorological and environmental satellites. The VLab web site provides links to a host of training material, highly relevant for User Preparations activities. The Comet programme at UCAR provides training material for general and for satellite meteorology. In particular Comet provides the MetEd Training and Resources site. This site contains numerous self-paced web-based lessons pertaining to meteorological satellites, check this link. Although primarily English, many lessons are also available in Spanish and French.”

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